What is eCommerce?

Electronic commerce, or e-commerce, refers to the use of the Internet at any point during the buying and selling of goods. The term is commonly used to refer to transactions where an actual payment has been made online via a credit card. But e-commerce also involves other online activities such as marketing, distribution and servicing of products over the Internet. E-commerce often relies on technologies such as email and enterprise resource planning applications for transaction completion and order fulfilment.

The term e-business is usually interchangeable with e-commerce. However, some definitions treat ecommerce as a subset of e-business. In these cases, a clear distinction is made between transactions that involve the exchange of money online and those that don’t. A transaction where a payment is made online is defined as e-commerce. And e-business is used to refer to all non-fiscal online transactions that facilitate and support the actual sale.

E-commerce can involve commercial activity between different interest groups. These could be business to business (B2B), business to consumer (B2C), business to administration (B2A), business to employee (B2E) or customer to customer (C2C). These classifications can be broken down into further sub-groups. For example, a B2B activity could be a vertical e-marketplace that offers goods or services to businesses within a specific industry segment. Alternatively, it could be a horizontal e-marketplace that offers services to businesses irrespective of industry segment.

E-commerce continues to grow in popularity and a large amount of business is transacted online every year. But it's worth noting that it also presents many challenges for governments and regulatory bodies, which can also affect your business. The United Kingdom has relatively clear e-commerce definitions and laws. But with its decentralised and complicated tax structure, the United States still has a moratorium on new, multiple or discriminatory Internet taxes. In 2000, an advisory commission on e-commerce in the United States failed to reach a conclusive agreement on e-commerce taxation.